In cases of severe allergic reactions, what is the primary medication used for emergency treatment?

In cases of severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, adrenaline is the primary medication used for emergency treatment. This is due to its rapid action in counteracting the severe symptoms associated with this life-threatening condition. Adrenaline works by causing vasoconstriction, which helps to improve blood pressure, and also leads to bronchodilation, thus alleviating respiratory distress. It can quickly reverse swelling and hives, providing vital support during critical moments.

While antihistamines can be helpful in managing milder allergic reactions by blocking the effects of histamine, they do not have the same immediate and potent effects as adrenaline in severe cases. Corticosteroids are often used in allergic reactions as part of a longer-term management plan and to reduce inflammation; however, they take longer to have an effect and are not suitable for treating anaphylaxis in the acute phase. IV fluids can be necessary to support circulation, especially in cases where there is significant hypotension, but they do not address the underlying cause of anaphylaxis and are not the primary treatment.

Thus, the use of adrenaline as the primary medication reflects its critical role in the rapid reversal of severe allergic reactions, making it essential for emergency interventions in these situations.